Abstract Background Malaria is an acute and chronic illness characterized by paroxysms of fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, anemia, and splenomegaly. Most malarial deaths occur in infants and young children.Anemia in malaria has diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms such as direct invasion of Red cells, In the following, we presented comparison of hematological aspects: children with Malaria and healthy children. Materials and Methods This was a lab trial study. Patients were referred and admitted to the pathobiology laboratory along with physical examination. Then, they underwent a complete blood count and the result of complete blood count was compared with healthy person in the same age. Out of 30 patients, with equally falciparum, vivax, and healthy .The hematological examination was performed. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 software. Results The levels of HGB (P=0.001), HCT (P=0.001), MCV (P= 0.001), MCH (P=0.001), WBC (P=0.001), and Plt (P= 0.02) decreased significantly in children with falciparum and vivax malaria compared to healthy controls. The levels of RBC (P=0.49) increased significantly in children with falciparum and vivax malaria compared to controls. Blood culture at two times. To investigate malaria blood smears taken after microscopic study of Plasmodium falciparum ring was observed. Conclusion Malaria is a multisystem disorder which can lead to many diseases. Physicians, especially those in endemic areas, should be aware of the varied manifestations and maintain in a high index of suspicion for the disease in order to that diagnose and treat timely and, morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Malaria, Hematological aspects, Plasmodium, Falciparum, Vivax, Children

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