Background
Candida species are normal microflora of  oral cavity, vagina, and gastrointestinal  tract. They are the third most prevalent
cause of pediatric health care–associated  bloodstream fungal infection. This study aimed to provide an epidemiological
feature of candidiasis and also presents an antifungal susceptibility profile of clinical Candida isolates among children.
Materials and Methods
During July 2013 to February 2015, 105 patients from different hospitals of Isfahan, Iran, were examined for candidiasis by
phenotypic tests. Samples were obtained from nail clippings, blood, thrush, BAL, urine, oropharynx, skin, and eye discharge.
The age range of patients was between 18 days to 16 years. Genomic DNA of isolates was extracted and ITS1- 5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region was amplified by ITS1 and ITS2 primers. The PCR products were digested using the restriction enzyme MspI. Minimum inhibitory concentration  (MICs) was determined using microdilution broth method according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) M27-A3 and M27-S4  documents.
Results
Forty-three patients (40.9%) had Candida  infection.The most clinical strains were isolated from nail infections (39.5%), and
candidemia (13.9%). Candida albicans  was the most prevalent species (46.5%). MICs ranges for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole were (0.025- 0.75 μg/ml), (0.125-16 μg/ml), and (0.094- 2 μg/ml), respectively.
Conclusion
Due to high incidence of Candida infections among children, increasing of fatal infection like candidemia, and emersion of antifungal resistance Candida isolates, early and precise identification of the Candida species and determination of antifungal susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates may lead to better management of the infection.