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Abstract Introduction Connection of socioeconomic status measures (such as income and education and parental addiction) to childhood leukemia are likely to vary with place and time. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between socioeconomic status and childhood leukemia. Materials and Methods a case- control study conducted on 86 case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia age 0-14 years in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd and matched on age and sex to 188 healthy controls. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire. Data analyzed by chi-square test. Odds ratio (Ors) and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the risk of childhood A.L.L associated with parental smoking, alcohol drinking & addiction. Results There was a significant difference in parental education level (P-value=0, P-value=0.001), income status (P-value =0.001), father's job (0.002) between two groups. The risk of childhood A.L.L was associated with paternal smoking (P-value =0.001, OR=2.6, CI 95%, 1.5-4.5), alcohol drinking (P-value=0.003, OR=3.33, CI 95%, 2.7-3.9), addiction (P-value =0, OR=42.7, CI95%, 5.56-328.34). Conclusion The results suggest that socioeconomic factors and paternal smoking and alcohol drinking are related to risk of childhood leukemia. It should be considered for planning support.

Keywords: Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; social class; Smoking; Alcohol Drinking; Behavior, Addictive

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