@article{ author = {Zareifar, Soheila and Rowshani, Fatemeh and Haghpanah, Sezaneh and Bordbar, Mohammadrez}, title = {Five- Year Survival Rate of Children with Central Nervous System Tumors in Shiraz, Iran}, abstract ={Background: Reduced survival and impaired quality of life of the children affected by cancers is one of the most important health problems. In this study, 5-year survival of children affected with Central nervous system (CNS) tumors and its related factors were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Participants in this historical cohort study consisted of 161children with mean age of diagnosis 72 ± 51 months (median:60 months, range from 1 month to 17 years) who were diagnosed with CNS tumors from 1999 to 2005. All patients had referred to Oncology hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Data were extracted by checklist from their medical records.  Result: Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of the patients were 59% (standard error: 5%) and 51.7% (standard error: 5%). Moreover, 10- year OS was calculated as 47% (standard error: 7%).  Based on tumor histology, OS was 70% for low grade tumors and 52% for high grade tumors (P=0.202). Based on the results, gender (girls had longer survival than boys), recurrence, neurologic deficit and age of diagnosis (60-119 months had longer survival), were determined as the influencing factors on OS rate (HR (95% CI) =0.48 (0.24-0.98), P=0.044, 0.48(0.25-0.93) P=0.031, 0.42 (0.18-0.95), P=0.039, and 0.32 (0.11-0.88), P=0.029, respectively). Moreover, tumor location in diencephalon was determined as poor prognostic factors ((HR (95% CI) =10 (1.9-57), P=0.007). Conclusion: Aforementioned prognostic factors should be taken into account by oncologists to make better decisions in the management of the patients with CNS tumors. It seems that survival is a multifactorial event and besides these prognostic factors, it might be also related to different clinical settings, ethnicity and type of treatment. Further studies with more focus on different treatment modalities are suggested.}, Keywords = {Cancer, Central nervous system neoplasm, Pediatric, Survival}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-356-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-356-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kavoosi, Fraidoon and Sanaei, Masumeh}, title = {Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Valproic Acid and Tamoxifen on Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma WCH 17 CellLin}, abstract ={Background: Histone deacetylation of tumor suppressor genes such as estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) can induce cancer, which is reversible by epi-drugs such as valproic acid (VPA). The previous result indicated that tamoxifen (TAM) induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to assess the apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of VPA and TAM and also the effect of VPA on ERα gene expression in HCC. Material and Methods: The cells were treated with various doses of VPA and TAM and the MTT assay, Real-Time RT-PCR, and flow cytometry assay were done to determine viability, ERα gene expression, and apoptosis. Results: Both agents inhibited viability and induced apoptosis. ERα gene expression was increased by VPA, which in turn increased the apoptotic effect of TAM. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for VPA and TAM was 5 and 20 μM respectively. VPA inhibited cell growth by 88 % to 38 % at 24 h (P < 0.001) and 76 % to 28 % at 48 h (P < 0.002) and also TAM inhibited by 92 % to 40 % at 24 h (P < 0.006) and 84 % to 32 % at 48 h (P < 0.001). The percentage of VPA- treated apoptotic cells were reduced by about 35 and 43 % (P ˂0.001) and that of TAM-treated 32 and 38 % (P ˂0.001) after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Conclusion: VPA and TAM can significantly inhibit viability and induce apoptosis and also VPA play a significant role in ERα reactivation.}, Keywords = {Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Tamoxifen,Valproic acid}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {12-20}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Iron Deficiency and the Intake of Macro- and Micronutrients among Normal, Overweight, and Obese Children Under 5 Years in Amman}, abstract ={Background: This study primarily aimed to investigate the possible association between the risk of suffering from Iron Deficiency (ID) and body weight status among a group of obese, overweight, and normal body weight children. The second aim of this study was to assess Serum Iron (SI), Serum Ferritin (SF), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), and Body Mass Index (BMI) among the recruited children. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 150 disease-free children aged between 6-59 months were recruited conveniently from Amman. Children were grouped as normal body weight, overweight, and obese.  BMI and BMI Z-scores were determined and the intake of many macro- and micronutrients were estimated. Serum iron, SF, TIBC, and Hb were measured to detect the presence of ID. Results: The mean concentration of SI was significantly higher in normal body weight than in overweight and obese children. The mean concentration of TIBC was significantly lower in normal body weight children than that in overweight and obese children (P<0.05). Nutrients intake findings showed that daily intakes of saturated fat and sugar were significantly higher in overweight and obese children than those in normal children. Iron intake was significantly lower in normal body weight than in obese children. The daily intake of selenium was significantly higher among normal body weight and obese children than overweight children (p<0.05).  Conclusion: This study supports the findings of the presence of an association between weight gain and ID despite that iron intake among obese children was higher than those with normal body weight.}, Keywords = {Iron Deficiency, Obesity, Overweight, Macronutrients, Micronutrients}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-36}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Firouzi, Majid and Yazdanmehr, Rana and Eliasy, Hosein and Birjandi, Mehdi and Goudarzi, Amin and Almasian, Mohammad and kiani, Ali Asghar}, title = {The prevalence of the ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn and its complications in an Iranian population}, abstract ={Background: ABO incompatibility is the most common cause of immune hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and in most cases is not dangerous. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ABO-HDN and its effects on neonatal blood parameters in a population of patients referred to some training hospitals in Iran. Materials and methods: In This cross-sectional study, All newborns (a total of 765 infants) whose medical records showed that they suffered from anemia or jaundice and were hospitalized in the training hospitals of Khorramabad, Iran, were evaluated. The information recorded in their medical records included age, gender, blood group, hemoglobin and bilirubin levels, reticulocyte count, platelet count, and maternal age. Data were analyzed using SPSS and statistical tests, such as chi-squared, independent t-test, and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Out of 765 newborns with anemia or jaundice, 293 infants (38.3%) had HDN, 78 (10.2%) of whom suffered from non-immune HDN. The rest, i.e. 215 neonates (28.1%), suffered from immune HDN. Among the neonates with immune HDN, 29 infants (3.8%) had Rh-HDN, and 186 newborns (24.3%) had ABO-HDN. Among the 186 newborns with ABO-HDN, 95 cases (13%) had blood group A and 84 cases (11.5%) had blood group B. No significant relationship was found between A and B blood groups in the newborns with the occurrence of ABO-HDN (p=0.1). There was a significant difference between neonates with ABO and those without ABO in terms of bilirubin (p= 0.001), hemoglobin (p=0.003), and reticulocyte (p=0.036) counts. A significant relationship between platelet count and the occurrence of ABO-HDN was not found (p= 0.558). Conclusion: The results showed that a large percentage of neonates are affected by ABO-HDN and provisions should be made to avoid possible complications.}, Keywords = {ABO-HDN, hemolytic anemia, neonatal blood parameters}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-47}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Salarian, Sara and Mirrahimi, Bahador and Taherkhanchi, Bahar and Bagheri, Bahador}, title = {Evaluation of Guidelines and Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Hospitalized Children: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background: Thromboembolism (TE) in pediatric population is rare but may be a fatal situation. There is a lack of clinical guidelines to help decision making for the use of prophylactic measures in pediatrics. This study was designed to evaluate current guidelines and risk factors for the prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective, and observational study was done between October 2014 and April 2017 in Mofid Children Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All children between 40 days to 8 years old admitted to the pediatric critical care unit (PICU) were evaluated for DVT/PE risk factors such as Glasgow coma score (GCS)< 9,complete bed rest, and central venous access catheter (CV line).  Results: For 3 years, 1080 children aged from 40 days to 8 years who hospitalized in PICU were studied. The mean duration of ICU stay was 6 ± 1.1 days. Three hundred and forty (31.5 %) patients had at least 4 risk factors for DVT/PE. Thirty nine (11%) patients with 4 or more risk factors had diagnosed DVT/PE. Among 39 patients with thromboembolic events, 11 (1%) children died. Congenital heart disease was the independent risk factor for DVT and PE. DVT was the most common type of thrombosis (69%).  Conclusion: This study suggested that TE is multi-factorial in children and anticoagulation therapy can be considered in hospitalized children with at least 4 risk factors. It seems that it is necessary to develop new strategies for thromboprophylaxis in PICU.  }, Keywords = {Critical care, Pediatrics, Pulmonary embolism, Venous thrombosis}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {48-53}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-333-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-333-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ayatollahi, Hossien and Keshavarzi, Aref and Shams, Behnaz and Barzegar, Mohyedin and Amirpour, Mojgan and Sheikhi, Maryam and Amini, Nafise and Sadeghian, Mohammad Hadi and khiabani, Alirez}, title = {Relationship Between SOX17 Gene Expression and Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia}, abstract ={Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous malignancies caused by defects in differentiation of hematopoietic cells. SRY-box containing gene 17(SOX17) is a transcription factor which plays an important role in several biological processes, including cardiogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphopoiesis. Aberrant expression of SOX17 has been detected in solid tumors. This study was performed to investigate the alternations of SOX17 expression in AML patients. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 54 AML patients who were referred to Molecular Pathology Cancer Research Center of Ghaem Hospital in North East of Iran from October 2011 to May 2016. Patients were classified according to French-American-British (FAB) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood. SOX17 gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). Results: Over expression of SOX17 was observed in 34 (62.96%) AML  patients. No relation was noticed between SOX17 expression and patient survival (p=0.493). In addition, no correlation among patient survival, Sex(p=0.322),hemoglobin(p=0.866) and white blood cell (WBC) (p=0.103). Conclusion: Based on these results, SOX17 did not have any important role in AML pathogenesis. Thus, it can’t be used as a diagnostic and prognostic factor. However, more studies are required to fully elucidate the role of SOX17 in AML.}, Keywords = {Acute myeloid leukemia, SOX17, Survival}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {54-61}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zare-Zardini, Hadi and Salehvarzi, Mona and Ghanizadeh, Fatemeh and Sadri, Zahra and Sheikhpour, Robab and ZareBidoki, Fatemeh and Shabani, Fatemeh and TaheriKafrani, Asghar}, title = {Antimicrobial Peptides of Innate Immune System as a Suitable Compound for Cancer Treatment and Reduction of its Related Infectious Disease}, abstract ={Application of chemotherapy in cancerous children leads to reduction of immune system efficiency. Therefore, these children are prone to various infectious diseases. The excessive use of antibiotics can bring about antibiotic resistant strains. Hence, it is essential to investigate new therapies for this problem. On the other hand, the emergence of resistance against multiple drugs is a major problem in treatments of infection and cancer. Lack of selectivity and negative side effects on normal cells is another associated problem for available drugs. Antimicrobial peptides are important agents that are made by the immune system in response to pathogens. This kind of immune response exists in all animal categories from prokaryotes to humans. Different types of antimicrobial peptides have been identified and isolated from various organisms. These peptides, along with antimicrobial effects, also contain other biological activities such as anticancer, spermicidal, anti-diabetic, growth stimulant, etc. Therefore, these natural compounds can be considered as new therapeutic goals in different areas, especially for the prevention of pediatric infectious disease. Because of anticancer activity, antimicrobial peptides can be used as an effective double functional drug: anti-infective and anti-cancer drugs. There are 2851 antimicrobial peptides from six kingdoms (303 bacteriocins/peptide antibiotics from bacteria, 4 from archaea, 8 from protists, 13 from fungi, 342 from plants, and 2181 from animals) with different activities in various recorded databases and 210 peptides with anticancer/antitumor activity. Most of these peptides are still in the early stages of the study, but in the future, these compounds will have a special place in the medicine basket as the most important and effective drug. In this review, the characteristics and applications of antimicrobial peptides were investigated and their anticancer effects were focused.}, Keywords = {Anticancer, Antimicrobial peptides, Infectious diseases, Immune system, pathogen}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {62-70}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Binesh, Fariba and Jenabzadeh, Alireza and Vagihinejad, Maryam and Dideban, Mohammad Ali and PourHosseini, Fatemeh and Zare-Zardini, Hadi}, title = {Bone marrow and cervical lymph nodes metastases as prodromal manifestations of malignant melanoma in a child}, abstract ={Malignant melanoma in children is rare. It can arise from congenital melanocytic nevi. In pediatric patients, diagnosis of melanoma is difficult and challenging because the physicians have a low index of suspicion. Marrow metastasis in malignant melanoma especially in children is extremely uncommon. Here, the authors reported a 5 year old girl who was presented with a 4 month history of pelvic and right lower limb pain and limping to the pediatric outpatient clinic in August 2016  at Shahid sadoughi Hospital,Yazd,Iran. She was febrile and had right cervical lymphadenopathy and scalp congenital nevus. The investigations confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma with marrow and cervical lymph node metastases. The patient underwent multidisciplinary management and she was followed up closely. Metastatic malignant melanoma is a rare and dangerous disease with poor prognosis in children. It should be considered in differential diagnosis of children with congenital melanocytic nevi.}, Keywords = {Malignant melanoma, Bone marrow, Metastasis, Child}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-74}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-359-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-359-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lao, Duc Thuan and Truong, Kim Phuong and Huyen, Thuy Ai Le}, title = {Study of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) variations: V-val type preferentially exists in biopsies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from Vietnamese patients}, abstract ={Background: Epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) plays a crucial role in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the most common cancer of head and neck cancer in Asian countries with high incidents. Sequence variations are of high frequency within the functionally important domains of EBNA-1, which have been classified into five subtypes: Phenotype (P)-ala, P-thr, V-val, V-leu and V-pro and are related to geographical location.  This study aimed to evaluate the variations of EBNA-1 in NPC biopsy samples from Vietnamese patients.  Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 20 NPC biopsy samples, which were positively confirmed to NPC, were collected from Cho Ray Hospital. Nested PCR – nucleotide sequencing was applied to analyze the carboxy-terminal region of EBNA-1. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, version 5.0, by Neighbor-Joining algorithm. Results: The variants of EBNA-1 have been described based on the amino acid signature at codon 487, including V-val (75.0%), P-ala (10%), P-thr (5%), V-leu (5%). Additionally, the phylogenetic results confirmed that the V-val subtype, detected in this current study of the Vietnamese population, was in accordance with previous studies that V-val is almost an exclusive variation in Asian region, especially with Chinese populations and preferentially exists in biopsies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.  Conclusion: In this initial study, the sub-strains of EBV within V-val subtype of EBNA-1 was preferential in biopsies of NPC patients. The finding provided the initial data for the potential contribution of EBNA-1 polymorphisms to etiology of NPC in Vietnamese population.}, Keywords = {Esptein-barr virus, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Nuclear antigen, Variations}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-86}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shetabi, Hamidreza and Golparvar, Mohammad and Ghanbardezfulli, Sahar and Torfenejad, Mohamm}, title = {Sedative and Analgesic efficacy of Propofol-Ketamine and Propofol-Remifentanil During Painful Procedures in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, abstract ={Background: Lumbar puncture (LP) and bone marrow aspiration or biopsy in pediatric patients with hematological diseases is often repeated at regular intervals. These procedures are painful and unpleasant and bring a lot of stress for the children and their families. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two drug combinations of propofol-ketamine and propofol-remifentanil in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under bone marrow aspiration or biopsy and lumbar puncture (LP). Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 81 children aged 6 months to 14 years old with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were candidates for lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration or biopsy were randomly divided into two groups of receiving Propofol-Ketamine and receiving Propofol-Remifentanil. In each group, hemodynamic indices, sedation, side effects, the onset of effectiveness and duration of remaining in the recovery room were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using Chi square test, Mann-Whitney, independent t-test, and Fisher’s exact test with a significant level of p<0.05. Results: The need for repeating drug’s dosage was significantly lower in the group received Propofol-Ketamine than the other group (p=0.009). The mean of systolic blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation at the end of the procedure was significantly lower in the Propofol-Remifentanil receiving group (respectively p=0.040 and p=0.001). During the procedure, the frequency of hypotension was significantly higher in the Propofol-Remifentanil receiving group (p=0.048). The recovery duration was reported significantly longer for the Propofol-Ketamine receiving group (p=0.004). Sedation indices, other hemodynamic indices, and the onset of effectiveness caused no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the combination of Propofol-Ketamine could be a more appropriate combination in children especially in patients with unstable hemodynamics due to lower need for repetition of the drug dose and more hemodynamic stability.}, Keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Children, Ketamine, Propofol, Remifentanil, Sedation}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-96}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mehdi and Naderi, Majid and AnsariMoghaddam, Alireza and Mahdavifar, Neda and Mohammadian, Maryam}, title = {Investigation of the Relationship between Breastfeeding and Leukemia in Children}, abstract ={Background: Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer. This cancer, considering its unknown cause(s), is considered as one of the most important health problems amongst children worldwide. The present study was aimed to determine the relationship between breastfeeding and leukemia in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeast of Iran. Materials and methods: This case-control study was implemented on 120 children between 11 months and 17 years old with leukemia as the case group, and 240 children hospitalized due to other non-leukemia-related diseases in the study area (the mean age of children in both groups was about 8 years). The children were categorized according to age and gender. To determine the relationship between variables and the risk of leukemia morbidity, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals was estimated through conditional logistic regression using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test and utilizing SPSS-16. Results: Out the 120 children with leukemia, about 60% were male and the age group of 5-9 years old was the most frequent age group (45%). The results of the study showed that breastfeeding was significantly associated with leukemia in children, P-value = 0.02(OR = 0.24, CI: 95%, 0.71-0.71). Conclusion: Regarding the protective role of breastfeeding, the necessary measures for training to maintain and promote breastfeeding and its continuity up to 2 years are required to be taken.}, Keywords = {Breastfeeding, Children, Leukemia}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-104}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Keikhaei, Bijan and Moradi-Choghakabodi, Parastoo and Rahim, Fakher and Pedram, Mohammad and Yousefi, Homayoun and Zandian, Khodamorad and Hosseininejad, Khojasteh and Samavat, Ashram}, title = {Neonatal Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Southwest Iran}, abstract ={the risk of sickle cell complications that is a common hemoglobin disorder in Southwest Iran. This study aimed at determining the incidence of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and other Hemoglobinopathies in newborn being at risk based on ethnic origin. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive epidemiologic  study, between September 2013 and September 2015, 8363 newborn blood samples were tested in four maternity units from Ahvaz, Khoramshahr, Sosangerd and Dezful. Complete cell count and cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.4 were performed on each blood sample. Parent's clinical status was also checked for more information. Presence of an abnormal band in the EDTA treated samples were further confirmed by citrate agar gel electrophoresis and automated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results were analyzed statistically by the One-Way ANOVA analysis. Results: Among 8363 screened samples, 118 (1.41 %) samples were heterozygous for Hb S, and four (0.047%) for Hb C; none of newborns were Hb SS homozygotes. The incidence of silent and alpha thalassemia minor based on RBC indices was nearly 10%. Conclusion: Present findings indicated the high quality and considerable impact of conducted screening program starting in 2007 at significantly decreasing the prevalence of SCD among newborns born between 2013 and 2015. The results also showed that the neonatal screening for SCD was not weighed to add as a new program in national health network.}, Keywords = {Newborn screening, Sickle cell, Sickle cell trait}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-110}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-375-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-375-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AhmadiVasmehjani, Abbas and Yaghubi, Sajad and Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad and Farahmand, Mohammad and Adeli, Omid Ali and Taravand, Amir Hossein and Beiranvand, Maryam}, title = {The Prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among β-thalassemia Major: A Multicenter Survey in Lorestan, West of Iran}, abstract ={Background: Although regular frequent blood transfusion improves overall survival of multi-transfused patients like β-thalassemic ones, it carries a definite risk of infection with blood-borne viruses such as viral hepatitis. This study was done to determine seropositivity of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Immunedeficiency Virus (HIV) infections among β-thalassemia major patients, and estimate the infection-associated risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serums of 143 patients with β-thalassemia major were collected from 2015 to 2016. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus anti-HCV, hepatitis B surface antigen HBs Ag, hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBC), and human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). The positive anti-HCV and anti-HIV results were confirmed by RIBA assay and Western blot. Demographic information and risk factors were collected and analyzed. Results: The findings showed that the prevalence rate of anti-HCV was 4.2%; while no patients were detected with HIV and HBV infections. Among the six anti-HCV positive patients, 5 (3.5%) were positive for anti-HCV using RIBA test. The prevalence of HCV seropositivity was higher in patients with sexual exposure risk (p= 0.04). There was no significant difference between sex and other risk factors such as history of splenectomy and different city with anti-HCV seropositivity (p=0.6 and 0.51, respectively). Moreover, the number of blood transfusions received by HCV positive thalassemia patients was significantly higher than that of negative anti-HCV thalassemia patients (p=0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV infection was much higher among β-thalassemic patients comparing with HBV and HIV infection patients. Older age, blood transfusion, and sexual risk were associated with HCV seropositivity. Routine screening of donated blood for HCV is highly recommended. More study is needed to assess continuous screening of blood products for patients with risks of exposure to HCV.}, Keywords = {β –thalassemia, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV infection}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {111-117}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-328-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-328-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Habibian, Zarrin and Sadri, Zahra and Nazmiyeh, Hossei}, title = {Effects of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy -Based Training on Job Stress and Burnout among Pediatric Oncology and Special Diseases Nurses}, abstract ={Background: Job stress is defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses happening when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Some jobs such as nursing are stressful. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on job stress and burnout among pediatric oncology and special diseases nurses. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on sixty nurses in special disease and oncology wards who then were assigned randomly in two group of experimental and control. During four sessions lasting for one and half, the experimental group received communication skills of ACT based on Bond and Hayes model and the control group received just communication skills. Three months after the main training in the follow-up stage, experimental and control group had two sessions lasting for 1.5 hours. During these sessions, previous contents were reviewed. Before and after the interventions and during follow up stage, the participants completed Osipow’s Occupational Stress Inventory and Maslach and Jackson Job Burnout Inventory. Data analysis was done using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Group training based on the ACT not only decreased total job stress (p<0.0001) but also diminished job stress factors, including role overload (p<0.015), role ambiguity (p<0.047), role boundary (p<0.011), and responsibility (p<0.0001). Besides, ACT-based training decreased self-decreasing achievement (p<0.007). Conclusion: Group ACT-based training can decrease job stress but had no considerable effect on job burnout.}, Keywords = {Acceptance and commitment therapy, Job stress, Oncology, Pediatrics}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-125}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, Azam and Bahrololoomi, Zahra and Salarian, Samaneh}, title = {Relationship Between Early Childhood Caries and Anemia: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the important caries occuring in children under the age of 6. ECC is defined as possible risk factor for iron deficiency-related anemia. In this review study, the current evidence about the effect of ECC on the prevalence of anemia was studied. Material and Methods: A systematic review on ECC and anemia was done based on published article in PubMed and Google scholar databases. The search profiles included ECC/risk factor, SECC/ risk factors, ECC/anemia, ECC/ferritin, and ECC/iron deficiency. Inclusion criteria comprised of all studies that focused on ECC and anemia or related fields. Results: A total of 3546 articles on early childhood caries were identified in PubMed and google scholar databases. After screening the titles and abstracts as well as limitation the subjects to ECC and risk factors, 175 articles underwent further investigation, of which 12 articles on ECC and anemia were finalized. Other research efforts in this regard had been made through theses and reported in non-PubMed English journals; thus, Conducting further search by Google, 3 more relevant articles were discovered. Conclusion: According to this literature review on ECC and anemia, it is suggested to consider ECC as one of the risk factors for iron deficiency and anemia in children. More studies are needed to examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors that can be associated with the malnourished status of these children. Preventive strategies against ECC should be developed to reduce the risk of iron deficiency and its related anemia. }, Keywords = {Anemia, Caries, Iron Deficiency, Risk Factor}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-138}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Asphyctic Neonate}, abstract ={Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is rarely seen in neonates and generally occurs based on the pathological process as perinatal asphyxia. Additionally, hypothermia treatment can be associated with thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage in term infants. Generally, PH is severe and persistant hemorrhage can related to neonatal mortality. Sometimes, supportive therapies such as positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP), antibiotherapy, and fresh frozen plasma may not affect PE in neonates. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that can reduce bleeding and decrease blood transfusions in pediatric surgery. In this study, a 5-year-old girl was reorted that who was presented with a 4 month history of pelvic and right lower limb pain and limping to the pediatric outpatient clinic in August 2016  at Shahid sadoughi Hospital,Yazd,Iran. In this case report, a severe PH was presented and treated with TXA. PH was reduced after administering first dose of TXA and full recovery was achieved on 3th day of therapy. No bacterial agent was observed in hemoculture result during first 72 hours and hemocoagulation was not affected with TXA administration.}, Keywords = {Hemorrhage, Neonate, Tranexamic Acid}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-141}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zitouni, Hayat and Louati, Hamdi and Zouari, Mohamed and Belhajmansour, Manel and BenAbdallah, Ahmed Khalil and Belhajmansour, Manel and BenDhaou, Mahdi and Jallouli, Mohamed and Mhiri, Riadh}, title = {Appendicular Neuroendocrine Tumours in Children: Unicentric Retrospective Study}, abstract ={Background: Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN) represent 60% of all appendicular tumours. This type of cancer is predominantly benign.  In this study, appendicular NEN tumours in children were investigated. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 540 patients underwent emergency appendectomy for the treatment of clinically suspected appendicitis at the department of pediatric surgery in Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax, Tunisia.  This study was performed between January 2013 and December 2016. Data on appendicular NEN demographic, preoperative diagnoses, investigations, operative findings, pathological reports, and follow up were reviewed and analysed. Results: Out of 540 patients, there were 309 males (57.3%) and 231 females (42.7%).  The Mean age of the patients was 9.23 ± 2.78 years. One hundred and thirty seven patients (25.4%) had laparoscopic appendectomy and 74.6% were operated by the traditional open approach. The diagnosis of appendicular NEN tumours was histologically confirmed in 4 appendectomy specimens. Clinically, all patients presented with acute appendicitis with raised inflammatory markers and positive ultrasound for appendicitis. The mean of tumour size was 1 cm. Complete resection was successfully achieved in all patients. The mean of follow-up was 3 years.  Conclusion: Appendicular NEN tumours were diagnosed postoperatively with a histological examination. It seems that surgical management with simple appendectomy seems to be curative for the majority of cases especially with tumours less than 2 cm. according to this study, the prevalence of appendicular NEN tumours is low between all gastrointestinal tumors.}, Keywords = {Appendiceal neoplasm, Appendicitis, Child, Neuroendocrine Tumor }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {142-146}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-360-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-360-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Binesh, Fariba and Pakdelnia, Adeleh and Vaziribozorg, Sedigheh}, title = {Clinicopathologic and Survival Characteristics of Childhood and Adolescent Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Center of Iran}, abstract ={Background: The brain and spinal cord tumors account for 15% to 20% of all childhood malignancies. It is important to know the epidemiologic characteristics and survival of these patients to better understand the disease and the factors affecting its prognosis. The aim pf this study was to characterize the clinicopathology and survival rate of childhood and adolescent brain and spinal cord tumors in center of Iran. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out using a retrospective cohort design. Thirty patients with brain and spinal cord tumors who referred to Shahid Sadoughi and Rahnemoon hospitals in Yazd from 2006 to 2016 and aged 1 to 18 years were evaluated. . The epidemiologic characteristics, survival, and the factors affecting the survival of brain and spinal cord tumors were investigated. Results: The findings showed that between 30 studied patients, brain and spinal cord tumors were more common in males (19 males and 11 females). The average age of the patients was 8.60 ± 5.70 years.  Fifteen (50%) patients survived. Seventeen (57%) patients were resident in Yazd province and 13 (43%) were from southern Iran. Twenty two patients (73.3%) had recurrence after recovery. The average of survival was 36 months, with an average of 27 months in females and 37 months in males. However, this difference was not significant. The most common tumor was gliomas. There was no significant relationship between the mean of survival with age, gender, geographical status, or type of treatment (P value> 0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between the year of tumor diagnosis and survival (P value=0.0134). Conclusion:  It seems that survival of the brain and spinal cord tumors in children and adolescence is a multifactor event and it is affected by various factors.}, Keywords = {Adolescent, Brain, Children, Spinal cord, Survival, Tumor }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {147-152}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Alemi, Ashraf and Farrokhifar, Majid and Zare-Zardini, Hadi and HaghiKaramallah, Mojtab}, title = {A Comparison between the Anticancer Activities of Free Paclitaxel and Paclitaxel-Loaded Niosome Nanoparticles on Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line Nalm-6}, abstract ={Background: Niosomes or Nonionic surfactant vesicles are nano vehicles utilized in drug delivery systems, especially in cancer therapy. In this study, these vesicles were applied as delivery system for anticancer drug, paclitaxel and then, its anticancer activities was compared with free paclitaxel on Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cell line Nalm-6. Materialas and Methods: In this exprimental study, paclitaxel loaded niosome was prepared by thin film hydration method. The characterization tests included dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry were employed to evaluate the quality of the nanocarriers. Cytotoxicity of niosomal paclitaxel nanoparticles and free paclitaxel on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Nalm-6 after 24 hours were studied by MTT assay to determine cell viability. Results: Percent of encapsulation paclitaxel prepared with sorbitane monostearate, cholesterol, and DSPE-mPEG 2000 was 97.21 %. In addition, the polydispersity index, mean size diameter, and zeta potentials of niosomal paclitaxel nanoparticles were found to be 0.244 ± 0.011, 106.3 ± 1.5 nm, and -26.03 ± 1.34; respectively. Paclitaxel released from nanoniosome in 72 h was 19.81 %. The results demonstrated that a 2.5∼fold reduction in paclitaxel concentration was measured when the paclitaxel administered in nanoniosome compared to free paclitaxel solution in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Nalm-6. Conclusion: As a result, the nanoparticle-based formulation of paclitaxel has high potential as an adjuvant therapy for clinical usage in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.}, Keywords = {Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Anticancer, Nanoparticles, Niosome, Paclitaxel}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-160}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-388-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-388-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heidari, Haydeh and Ahmadi, Ali and Solati, Kamal and Habibian, Zarri}, title = {Stress Management Experience of Caregivers of Thalassemia Children: A Qualitative Research}, abstract ={Background: Children with thalassemia do not have favorable psychological health. Today, the use of different therapeutic regimes for caregivers with thalassemia has increased life expectancy; however, these patients have other various needs and requirements such as constant professional training. The aim of the present study was to explain stress management in caregivers with thalassemia children. Materials and Methods: The method applied in this study was phenomenological qualitative research with conventional content analysis. This study was done in 2016-2017 in Shahrekord, Iran. A total of 15 participants, including 10 mothers, 1 grandmother, and 4 fathers participated purposely in this study. There were two sessions of interviews each of which lasted for 30 minutes. The content of interview was recorded and analyzed through conventional content analysis method after documentation. Results: Following content analysis, three categories were obtained: seeking for hope included two subcategories of seeking for hope and trusting in God, seeking for information included two subcategories of seeking for information from parents and seeking for information from physician and nurse, and seeking for new treatment included two subcategories of seeking for new treatment and seeking for transplant. Conclusion: This findings of the present study showed that planners and healthcare team can contribute caregivers of thalassemic children in coping with this disease using three adaptation approaches; that is, offering caregivers hope and providing them with proper information about the disease and treatments.}, Keywords = {Caregivers, Stress Management, Thalassemia }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-165}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-389-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-389-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nazmieh, Hossein and Soroush, Maryam and Farnia, Farahnaz and Habibian, Zarrin and Dehghan, Ashraf Sadat and Roozbeh, Mehr}, title = {Investigating the Effect of Senior Managers\' Compliance in Reporting Nurses\' Treatment Errors in Pediatric Wards}, abstract ={Background: The occurrence of medical errors in therapeutic centers is important due to its critical nature in terms of health, patient safety, and notable clinical and economic outcomes. One of the solutions to manage this problem in the field of nursing is error reporting and recording. Error reporting, on one hand, improves patient care quality and safety and; on the other hand, provides valuable information to prevent future errors. Therefore, considering the importance of error reporting, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of senior managers' compliance in reporting nurses' treatment error in pediatric ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. Materials and Methods: This interventional study included all nurses working in pediatric wards. The intervention was defined as various safety management drivers and encouragement of staff to report errors without any fears or concerns from senior managers. The error reports was recorded and comprised before and after intervention. For daat anlysis, SPSS (version 21) was run. Results: Following the intervention, over the course of a year, a total of 327 errors were reported. With respect to wards, 36.9% of errors occurred in pediatric oncology ward, 40% in PICU, 25.6% in pediatrics, 8% in emergency department of pediatrics, and 15.9% in NICU. However, only 32 errors were reported during the last year. Data analysis indicated a significant increase in error reporting following the intervention (P-value = 0.021). Furthermore, the results showed that mostly errors occurred in morning shift. Considering the error type, medication error was the most frequent; and considering the reason, non-compliment with the principles of drug adminstration got the highest frequency. Conclusion: The most important step in reducing errors is to eliminate the obstacles against reporting errors by creating a situation in which each nursing staff can honestly report his/her error. Therefore, regarding a significant difference before and after the intervention, it is recommended that senior managers consider medical treatment error reporting as their priorities.}, Keywords = {Error Reporting, Medical Error, Nurse, Pediatric }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {166-171}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {TEREMMAHIARDESTANI, MAJID and chahardouli, bahram and Mohammadi, Saeed and Nikbakht, Mohsen and toosi, Bahareh and zaker, farhad and rostami, shahrbano and kazemi, Ahm}, title = {Detection of R882 Mutations in DNMT3A Gene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Method Comparison Study}, abstract ={Background: Somatic mutations in the hotspot region of the DNA-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) gene were recurrently identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is believed that DNMT3A mutations confer an adverse prognosis for AML patients. These lines of evidence support the need for a rapid and cost-efficient method for the detection of these mutations. The present study aimed to establish high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis as a rapid and sensitive test to identify DNMT3A gene mutations in AML patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 220 AML patients who referred to hematology-oncology and stem cell transplantation centers (referral center) at Shariati hospital in Tehran, Iran, were included. AML-M3 and therapy-related AML patients were excluded. The HRM assay was used to identify R882 mutations in DNMT3A gene, and the results were compared with those of Sanger sequencing as the gold standard test for detection of such mutations. Results: Among 220 samples from AML patients, Sanger sequencing detected 25 (11.4%) patients as having DNMT3A R882 mutations. HRM assay detected mutations in 23 (92%) samples and reported two false-negative results that were related to poor-quality DNA samples. There was an overall good agreement between direct sequencing and HRM assay (kappa value of 0.95) (p<0.001). Sensitivity assay showed that the analytical detection limits for HRM were 10% for the detection of R882H mutation compared with Sanger sequencing at 25%. Both Sanger sequencing and HRM assay reported no false-positive results. Conclusion: HRM curve analysis can be considered as a sensitive, fast, and high-throughput method for the detection of DNMT3A R882 mutation in AML patients. These results validate HRM analysis as an alternative method to Sanger sequencing because of its simplicity along with the lower cost and less required time.}, Keywords = {Acute Myeloid Leukemia, DNA Methyltransferase 3A, Sequencing }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {172-179}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sheikhpour, Elnaz and Sadri, Zahra and Heydari, Safiyehsadat and Ghanizadeh, Fatemeh and Zare-Zardini, Hadi and Atefi, Aref and Hashemi, Azam and Fallah, Tahereh and Ghiaspour, Esmat}, title = {Vitamin D Deficiency and its Relation with Cancer in Children}, abstract ={Vitamin D deficiency is known as the most common nutritional deficiency. It is created during infancy due to different factors, including decreased dietary intake, decreased dermal synthesis, malabsorption, enzyme-inducing medications, and exclusive breastfeeding. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor bone health such as rickets and osteomalacia in children. Despite vitamin D plays an important role in bone health, its role in pediatric cancer is not detected and remained unknown; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency and its relation with cancer in children.  Vitamin D in cancer children has been considered as a contributory factor for skeletal pathologies. Children with cancer may be at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to side effects which are induced by the disease and multiple treatments, given that chemotherapy and clinical radiation play a main role in decreased bone mineral density. Therefore, possible role of vitamin D deficiency in cancer pathogenesis and progression is well defined. It seems that these patients should be taken sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D during chemotherapy and afterward.}, Keywords = {Cancer, Children, Vitamin D Deficiency}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {180-186}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Tootoonchi, Parichehr}, title = {Hemolytic Anemia and Other Side Effects of Para-amino Benzoic Acid in an 8-Year-Old Girl}, abstract ={Background: Para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) is an important ingredient used as a structure moiety in drugs with wide range of therapeutic uses; however, its safety and possible side effects in young children have not been determined. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency department for paleness, jaundice, abdominal pain and nausea associated with Hemoglubin (Hb) =4.5 g/dl, reticulocytes = 6%, corrected reticulocytes = 1.8%, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) = 1893 IU/L, and Total bilirubin =12 mg/dl with direct bilirubin = 0.7 mg/dl. The patient had received a prescription for PABA, in order to fade out some facial hypopigmented macules, for 120 days prior to her admission. Within 120 days of starting the PABA, the patient had developed new onset abdominal pain following each meal, weight gain, paleness, and jaundice. The PABA was discontinued on the day of admission. Hematologic evaluation revealed no evidence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, red blood cell (RBC) membrane defects, or hemoglubinopathy. Moreover, hepatologic evaluation revealed no evidence of acute or chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune or metabolic disorders at admission. During the admission, her transaminase and gama glutamil transpeptidase (GGT) levels increased more than 5 times without any elevation in international normalized ratio (INR) or alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, abdominal ultrasonography revealed acalculous cholecystitis. Her Hb, Hct (Hematocrit), reticulocytes, liver enzymes, bilirubin, and gallbladder ultrasonography completely normalized 2 months after discontinuation of PABA. Conclusion: This report represented the first documented case of hemolytic anemia and hepatotoxicity in a child underwent PABA therapy, highlighting the need for clinician awareness about potential hemolytic anemia and hepatotoxicity of oral PABA particularly among children.}, Keywords = {Hemolytic anemia, Hepatotoxicity, Para-Amino Benzoic Acid }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {187-192}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {sanaei, Masumeh and Kavoosi, Fraidoo}, title = {Effect of Curcumin and Trichostatin A on the Expression of DNA Methyltransfrase 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line Hepa 1-6}, abstract ={Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), primary liver cancer, is a major health problem and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epigenetic modulations are essential for the maintenance of gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of these processes can lead to silenced gene and malignant cellular transformation. The current study was designed to compare the effect of curcumin with trichostatin A (TSA) on DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in HCC Hepa 1-6 cell line. Materials and Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa 1-6 cell line  was purchased from the National Cell Bank of Iran-Pasteur Institute,  treated with curcumin (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM) and TSA (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM), and the MTT assay was performed. Then, flow cytometry assay and Real-Time RT-PCR analysis were performed with curcumin and TSA treatments. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using ANOVA (one‑way ANOVA) and Turkey test. A significant difference was considered as P < 0.05. Results: Both treatments showed significant inhibitory and apoptotic effects, besides reducing the expression of DNMT1. The relative expression of DNMT1 gene in the curcumin-treated groups were 0.7 to 0.3 (P <0.001) and in the TSA treated groups were 0.5 to 0.19 (P <0.001). Conclusion: The curcumin and trichostatin A (TSA) can inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis somehow through epigenetic modification. The curcumin indicated a more significant apoptotic effect than TSA.}, Keywords = {Apoptosis, Curcumin, DNMT1, Trichostatin }, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {193-201}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-405-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-405-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khanmohammadi, Rahmatolah and Azerbaijani, Mohammad Ali and Khorsandi, Laya Sadat and Peeri, Maghsu}, title = {Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Crocin on Hematological Parameters in Doxorubicin-Induced Male Rats}, abstract ={Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracyclines antibiotic and is one of the most effective antitumor drugs. However, using this drug is associated with poisoning of healthy tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in hematological parameters of male rats exposed to doxorubicin after eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and crocin consumption. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental research, 50 male Wistar rats (weight 200-220 gr) were exposed to intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (2mg/kg, seven times for 7weeks) and randomly placed into five groups, including healthy control (saline) group, doxorubin group, doxorubicin with Crocin group, doxorubicin with training group, and doxorubicin with crocin a long with training group. The training groups completed the course with two intense interval training during the first week and completed 8 intense interval training in the last weeks. Forty eight hours after the last training session, blood samples were taken directly from the heart of rats to measure the desired indices of red blood cell (RBC), Hematocrit(HCT), Hemoglobin(HB), platelet(PLT), white blood cell(WBC), and percentage of lymphocytes(%LYM), and neutrophils (%NEU). Independent sample t-test as well as two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. P value <0.01 was set as significant level. Results: The results showed that DOX significantly reduced all of the blood parameters in rats in comparison to the control group (p<0.01). Eight-week high intensity interval training significantly increased blood parameters (p<0.01). In Crocin- treated rats, the blood parameters were significantly increased compared with the DOX-intoxicated animals (p<0.01). In Crocin and high intensity interval training group, the blood parameters were significantly increased compared with the DOX-intoxicated animals (p<0.01). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval training, Crocin, as well as combination of these two interventions can prevent severe reduction of hematological parameters in rats treated with doxorubicin.}, Keywords = {Crocin, Doxorubicin, Hematological Parameters, High intensity interval training}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {202-212}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-384-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-384-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Mahbubeh and Qujeq, Durdi and Tamaddoni, Ahmad and Ranaee, Mohammad and Hajian-Tilaki, Karimollah}, title = {The efficacy of the aqueous extracts of Anethum graveolens, Urtica dioica, and Silybum marianum on the liver function in iron overloaded rats}, abstract ={Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of the aqueous extracts of Anethum graveolens, Urtica dioica, and Silybum marianum with deferoxamine (DFO)on iron-overloaded rats. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, fresh leaves of Anethum graveolens and Urtica dioica as well as seeds of Silybum marianum were washed with water and rinsed with deionized water to remove possible pesticide and preservative residue. Forty eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups: negative control, positive control (iron overload), Anethum graveolens group, Urtica dioica group, Silybum marianum group, , and DFO group. Iron dextran was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 50 mg/kg body weight for 12 weeks (once a week) to establish the iron overload condition. While normal rats received normal saline, rats in the treated groups orally received three plant extracts and DFO (subcutaneously) weekly for 8 weeks (once a week). At the end of the experiment, changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were measured using AST and ALT kits from Zist Chem Diagnostics Co. (Tehran, Iran) and histological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining of the liver. Results: Iron overloaded rats showed a slightly increase in the serum ALT and AST activity compared to control group (4.97±0.12, 60.79±1.16 vs. 3.92±0.10, 50.24±0.82U/L, respectively) (p value< 0.05). However, relative to iron overloaded rats, treatment with Anethum graveolens, Urtica dioica, and Silybum marianum extracts and DFO significantly decreased the activity of ALT and AST (AlT: activity (4.37 ±0.08, 4.58±0.06, 4.74 ±0.09 and  3.96 ±.015 U/L , respectively );( AST: 53.68±1.24, 55.78±1.03, 57.87±1.15 and  51.65 ±0.66 U/L, respectively) (p value< 0.05). Treatment of iron overloaded rats with Anethum graveolens, Urtica dioica, and Silybum marianum also significantly improved the liver dysfunction. Conclusion: Anethum graveolens, Urtica dioica, and Silybum marianum may be potential medicinal herbs which can reduce liver damage caused by iron overload.  }, Keywords = {Anethum graveolens, Deferoxamine, Iron-overloaded, Silybum marianum, Urtica dioica,}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {213-220}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kaveh, Mahbod and Kamrani, kamyar and Akhbari, Shiv}, title = {The Evaluation of Mean Platelet Volume in Neonates with Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Sepsis}, abstract ={Background: Neonatal sepsis is a generalized bacterial infection which occurs in the first month of life. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common intracerebral disorder which occurs in premature neonates. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) is considered as a marker of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in some studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MPV on IVH and sepsis in neonates. Materials and methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 20 premature neonates with sepsis and 20 with sepsis and intraventricular hemorrhage were considered as case groups and 20 premature neonates without sepsis and IVH were regarded as control group. Demographic data as well as patients' data on IVH presence, IVH grading, mortality, platelet account, and MPVon the first and third days after birth were recorded using their medical files. After data collection, analysis was performed using SPSS (version 21) and running descriptive and analytical methods (T test, ANOVA and Chi square test). Results: In this study, 10 newborns (50%) in the sepsis group, 13 newborns (65%) in the IVH – sepsis group, and 10 newborns (50%) in the control group were male (P = 0.523). Mean ± standard deviation of gestational age and weight at birth were significantly lower in the IVH and sepsis group in comparison with the other two groups (P-value < 0.001). Considering platelet count on first day, no significant difference was observed among three groups; however, it was lower in the control group than the sepsis group as well as the IVH and sepsis group (P=0.004). Gender, birth weight, gestational age, onset of sepsis, and presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) could not make significant changes in MPV three groups. Conclusion: The results showed that MPV on the first day was significantly higher in patients with sepsis or with sepsis and IVH.}, Keywords = {Hemorrhage, Mean Platelet Volume, Newborn, Sepsis }, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {221-227}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hiradfar, Amirataollah and JzizameiKhosro, Ahmad and hasanzadeh, Aziz and banihosseinian, maryam}, title = {Remarkable Efficacy of Vitamin D in Improving Ventricular Dysfunction in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients}, abstract ={Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate efficacy of high dose vitamin D in improving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in thalassemia patients with heart failure and vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 16 chronically transfused thalassemia patients and ventricular dysfunction with vitamin D deficiency between December and Jun 2018 in Thalassemia clinic, Tabriz Children Hospital. Mean age of the patients was 11.15 ± 3.61 years ranged from 8 to 18 years old. A serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OHD3) level less than 30ng/dl was considered vitamin D deficiency in this study. LVEF less than 55% was indicated as poor pump function. The patients received 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 8 weeks. Data on LVEF and serum 25-OHD3 were compared before and after completing the treatment. Moreover, adverse effects were recorded during the study. Results: Means of serum 25-OHD3 levels, before and after the study, were 13.10±5.91ng/ml and 51.03±4.31ng/ml, respectively (p=0.01). Means of LVEF were13.10±5.91% and 50.27±11.93% before and after the study, respectively (p=0.03). Means of serum ferritin levels were 3913±2229 ng/ml (ranged from 1246 to11000ng/ml). Mean of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* of the patients was 11.51±5.34ms. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of the patients decreased from the beginning of the study to the end of the eighth week (94.28 ± 18.35 vs 43.66 ± 17.31ng/ml) (p=0.03). There was a positive correlation between mean of serum 25-OHD3 level and cardiac MRI T2* parameter at the beginning of the study (r=0.001). There was a positive correlation between in the increase of mean serum 25-OHD3 and LVEF percent at the end of study (r=0.001). Conclusion: Results showed that vitamin D3 was effective and safe in improving LVEF and cardiac dysfunction in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with vitamin D deficiency.  }, Keywords = {Cardiac dysfunction, Thalassemia, Ventricular Dysfunction, Vitamin D}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {228-236}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Forouzani-Moghaddam, Mohammad Javad and Nabian, Parastoo and Gholami, Arefeh and Dehghanbaghi, Neda and Azizipanah, Mahdieh and Jokar, Kimia and Eslami, Fatemeh and Kargarian, Zahra and Tamehri, Motahhareh and Zare, Nazanin and Heydari, Safiehsadat and Esmaeili-KarbasiNajafabadi, Marzieh and Boyerhasani, Maryam and Zare-Zardini, Hadi and Ferdowsian, Farz}, title = {A review of neuroblastoma: prevalence, diagnosis, related genetic factors, and treatment}, abstract ={Neuroblastoma is considered as the most common solid tumor in children and it is a special types of nervious cells cancer.  Neuroblastoma has high potency for metastasis to other organs such as neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. In this narrative review, we assessed prevalence, diagnosis, related factors, and treatment of neuroblastoma based on published articles from 2007 to 2017. All published articles in mentioned interval were evaluated and all required data were collected. The collected data were categorized based on determined outlines. According to our findings, neuroblastoma allocated about 10 percent of pediatric cancer to itself. Mortality rate of this cancer is 15% to20% (annualy 15 per million children aged< 9 years). The incidence of this tumor is higher at the first year of life than other years. The highest incidence is observed in children with age range of 0-5 years. This tumor has low prevalence between people aged > 18 years. Important symptoms of neuroblastoma are: fatigue, loss of appetite, fever,  bone pain, blemishes of the skin, a lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest, or a painless bluish lump under the skin, weakness, and slackness. The genes involved in this disease include ALK, BARD1, ERBB2, KIF1B, LMO1, MYCN, PHOX2B, 17q gain, loss of 9p, and 3p, loss of 1p 11q. Surgery, chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, uteroside, and topotecan), radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells are different type of treatment methods for neuroblastoma. The findings of this review also showed that the use of drug delivery system such as lipidic nanostructures, magnetic nanostructures, and other related devices can improve the treatment of neuroblastoma and reduce the side effects induced by different treatments.  }, Keywords = {Neuroblastoma, Genetic Factors, Treatment, Chemotherapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {237-246}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hashemieh, Mozhg}, title = {A Case of Childhood Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of Liver Mimicking Hydatid Cyst}, abstract ={Background: Hepatic tumors are rare in children comprising only 1% - 4 % of all childhood solid tumors. Primary sarcomas of the liver are extremely rare and represent approximately 0.2 % of all liver tumors. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver is an aggressive tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. Here we reported a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver in a 9-year-old boy who was misdiagnosed as  hydatid cyst of liver. Case Report: An 8-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital following unsuccessful surgery for presumed hydatid disease of the right lobe of liver. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography showed a large hepatic mass. Following the surgery, our patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. At the time of writing, it has been one year after the termination of adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow up imaging studies, including ultrasonography, CT scan, and MRI show no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: Here we reported a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver in a 9-year-old boy mistaken for hydatid cyst of liver. Based on our observation, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver should be considered as a differential diagnosis among patients suspected of hydatid cyst of liver.  }, Keywords = {Childhood Liver Tumors, Hydatid Cyst, Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of Liver }, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {247-251}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, url = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology}, issn = {2008-8892}, eissn = {2228-6993}, year = {2018} }