Neuroblastoma is considered as the most common solid tumor in children and it is a special types of nervious cells cancer.  Neuroblastoma has high potency for metastasis to other organs such as neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. In this narrative review, we assessed prevalence, diagnosis, related factors, and treatment of neuroblastoma based on published articles from 2007 to 2017. All published articles in mentioned interval were evaluated and all required data were collected. The collected data were categorized based on determined outlines. According to our findings, neuroblastoma allocated about 10 percent of pediatric cancer to itself. Mortality rate of this cancer is 15% to20% (annualy 15 per million children aged< 9 years). The incidence of this tumor is higher at the first year of life than other years. The highest incidence is observed in children with age range of 0-5 years. This tumor has low prevalence between people aged > 18 years. Important symptoms of neuroblastoma are: fatigue, loss of appetite, fever,  bone pain, blemishes of the skin, a lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest, or a painless bluish lump under the skin, weakness, and slackness. The genes involved in this disease include ALK, BARD1, ERBB2, KIF1B, LMO1, MYCN, PHOX2B, 17q gain, loss of 9p, and 3p, loss of 1p 11q. Surgery, chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, uteroside, and topotecan), radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells are different type of treatment methods for neuroblastoma. The findings of this review also showed that the use of drug delivery system such as lipidic nanostructures, magnetic nanostructures, and other related devices can improve the treatment of neuroblastoma and reduce the side effects induced by different treatments.
 

Background: Due to the increase in cancer and side effects of common therapies, researchers are looking for treatments with the least side effects, which is why medicinal plants have become so important. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. plant commonly called southern maidenhair fern, and also named as “Pare-siavashan” in medical and pharmaceutical textbooks of Iranian Traditional Medicine, contains triterpenoid compounds that have anti-tumor properties. It is a perennial fern with narrow stems and small leaves that grows in hot and humid places. This study aims to make biocompatible nanosystems carrying Adiantum capillus-veneris extract with an appropriate loading rate and to compare the anti-tumor properties of the extract-carrying system with its free state.
Materials and Methods: After Extracting by Soxhlet, the resulting extract was loaded in the nano-niosome system by thin-film method and was subjected to physical, chemical, and cellular characterization.
Results: The results of this study showed that the loading rate of Adiantum capillus-veneris extract in niosomic formulation is 50.74% and the resulting particles are spherical with a size of 325.7nm and anionic. No chemical interactions were found between niosome and extract and the resulting system was chemically stable.
Conclusion: Based on acquired results, the designed system has acceptable anti-cancer properties on MCF7 cell line. It is notable that the cell survival rate was about 19 %.