Showing 6 results for Acute Leukemia
Seyed Jalil Mirmohammadi, Azam Sadat Hashemi, Azadah Souzani, Khadijeh Dehghani, Atef Atefi, Zahra Zareian Yazdi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (11-2010)
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The incidence of childhood cancer has been increasing nearly one percent per year for the past two decades. Leukemia and lymphoma are the most common types of childhood cancers. This study assessed the relation between environmental factors (Hydrocarbon, agricultural toxin, insecticide) and leukemia/lymphoma in children, which was evaluated by the frequency of the parents’ hazardous occupations, and their smoking, drug addiction, and alcoholism habits.
Methods
This was a case-control study on 86 children with leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 188 healthy controls from March 2007 till March 2010. They were matched in age and sex. Information was gathered via a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 15.
Result
There were 32 (37.2%) girls and 54 (62.8%) boys in the case group and the majority were 3-5 years old. In case group fathers’ occupations were mostly farmers 50 (58.1%), followed by painter or exposed to hydrocarbons 14 (16.6%), but in the control group, farmers were 17 (19.7%), and painters or those exposed to hydrocarbons were 5 (5.8%). The frequency of fathers' various occupations was significantly different between cases and controls. In addition, smoking, drug addiction and alcoholism was significantly higher in cases fathers than controls fathers.
Conclusion
The frequency of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children whose father were painters, exposed to hydrocarbons and farmers are higher than normal children. So people with these occupations should pay more attention and should be protected against these risk factors. The history of addiction and alcoholism was higher in their father.
Dr A Banihashem , Dr A Ghasemi , Dr N Ghaemi , Dr N Moazzen , Dr A Amirabadi ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background
The most common malignancy of children is Leukemia, accounting approximately one third of cancer diagnosis. Available data demonstrate improvement in survival of pediatric leukemia, so evaluation of side effects of treatment is very important. This study investigates hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus prevalence in pediatric patients with acute leukemia.
Materials and Methods
This study was performed in children with acute leukemia. At the first admission, demographic data was collected and blood glucose and HbA1c levels were obtained. These tests examined at least two times during six months of follow up. Growth parameters and blood samples were obtained too.
Result
Twenty nine patients were examined three of them (10.3%) had diabetes mellitus and 5patients (17.2%) had transient hyperglycemia.Mean age of the patients was 6.26 years and nineteen Children (63%) were in preschool age. In preschool age children, incidence of hyperglycemia was meaningfully higher than school age children (p= 0.02).
24 of 29 patients (82.7%) were known case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 5 patients (17.3%) were known case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). No significant difference was found between sex groups. Also underweight was significant risk factor for hyperglycemia.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hyperglycemia was in the range of other similar studies in different parts of the world. Underweight and preschool ages were significant predictors of hyperglycemia.
Dr Soheila Zareifar, Dr Parisa Badiee, Dr Pedram Haddadi, Dr Babak Abdolkarimi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (2-2017)
Abstract
Background: Pediatric patients on chemotherapy are vulnerable to invasive fungal infection especially Candida spices. Resistance to antifungal agents has increased in Candida spp., especially in non-albicans species. This study aims to assess the susceptibility of Candida spp. strains isolated from children with acute leukemia less than 18 years.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted during March 2011 to March 2012. Participants were 188 children aging from 1 month to 18 years, who had acute leukemia, were admitted in Amir Oncology Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. Identification of Candida strains was performed using germ tube and chlamydospore production tests on an Application Programming Interface (API) 20 C AUX yeast identification system. Susceptibility testing for 7 antifungal agents was performed by the agar-based E-test method. Fungal cultures were carried out from nose, oropharynx, stool, and urine specimens.
Results: A total of 229 yeasts were isolated. C. albicans was the most common species found, followed by C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and other Candida species. Candida glabrata was the most highly resistant of the yeasts isolated, being 100% resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, 88% to posaconazole, and 75% to amphotericin B and ketoconazole.
Conclusion: In this study, caspofungin was the most effective antifungal agent against the colonized Candida spp. found, followed by conventional amphotericin B. Knowledge about susceptibility patterns of colonized Candida spp. can be of help to clinicians managing pediatric patients on chemotherapy.
Dr Sare Etemad, Dr Hossein Ayatollahi , Dr Maryam Salehi , Dr Payam Siyadat , Dr Nafiseh Amini , Dr Maryam Sheikhi , Dr Ali Fani , Dr Ali Ghasemi ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is considered as a curative therapy for a broad range of diseases. However, complications such as relapse and graft versus host disease (GVHD) may be observed following BMT. Chimerism analysis serves as a reliable indicator of transplant outcome. Complete chimerism refers to the complete replacement of hematopoietic system by donor cells, while mixed chimerism is the coexistence of both donor and recipient cells. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between molecular chimerism and GVHD as well as relapse and survival after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using Short Tandem Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (STR-PCR).
Material and Methods: This retrospective survival study was performed on 30 patients (Median age: 11.57±6.83 years) including 12 (40%) children with acute leukemia (6 patients (50%) acute myeloid leukemia and 6 patients (50%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients). All patients received allo-HSCT during 2012-2016 at Montaserie Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Chimerism analysis by STR-PCR method was carried out at cancer molecular pathology research center of Qaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Chimerism was assessed using 7-STR markers on recipients’ bone marrow aspiration samples on day 14 or 15 after BMT.
Results: The findings indicated that the mean chimerism level in patients with skin GVHD was significantly different compared to cases without skin GVHD (P=0.02). It was also found that patients’ survival was significantly longer in cases with complete chimerism (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Chimerism analysis may permit early prediction and monitoring of post-transplant complications such as GVHD, transplant rejection, and relapse and assist clinicians to proceed with suitable treatment plans.
Dr Shailaja Shukla, Dr Aruna Chhikara, Dr Tanuja Bundela, Dr Sunita Sharma, Dr Jagdish Chandra,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background: Acute leukemias comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by rapid and uncontrolled clonal expansion of progenitor cells of the hematopoietic system. Immunophenotyping helps subclassify acute leukemias into subgroups with prognostic implications.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational cross-sectional study was performed on 80 newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia in children up to 18 years of age from August 2012 to Febuary 2014.
The immunophenotypic analysis was performed by Beckman Coulter Flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies against various cell surface / cytoplasmic antigens.
Results: Out of 80 cases, 68 cases had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 12 cases had acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). In this study, 68 cases of ALL could be categorized into 53 cases of B-ALL, 13 of T-ALL, and 2 cases of Bi-phenotypic acute leukemia (BAL). Twelve cases of AML comprised of 7 cases of AML with minimal differentiation; 2 of AML with cases of AML with maturation, and 3 cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Hepatosplenomegaly was seen in the majority of cases in both ALL and AML. Most cases had a total leucocyte count between 10,000 and 50,000/µl and platelets <100,000/µl. Hemoglobin levels were < 7.5 g/dl in the majority of them. CD19 and CD79a were 100 % sensitive for B ALL, while cCD3 was 100% sensitive for T-ALL. MPO was positive in all cases of AML.
Conclusion: Immunophenotyping must be done in all AL cases as it helps in risk-stratification and follow up of patients for evaluating minimal residual disease.
Mr Reza Dehghani, Dr Narges Obeidi, Dr Gholamhossein Mohebbi, Mr Ali Amrooni, Mrs Zahra Derakhshan,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background: One of the acute hematologic malignancies is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that resulted in translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17, t (15; 17), and cessation in the maturation of myeloid cell line, and ultimate aggregation of neoplastic promyelocytes. Regarding that appetence of using herbal and marine medicine studies is increasing, and on the other hand, the features of Cassiopea andromeda Venom remained unclear; this study was conducted to determine its effects on NB4 cells as a model for APL.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the cells were treated with C. andromeda Venom concentrations at different periods and times. Growth inhibition and toxic effects of C. andromeda Venom were evaluated through methyl thiazole tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT test). The flow cytometry analysis was carried out using 7AAD and Annexin V stains for evaluating this venom’s effect on apoptotic pathways. Besides, Real-Time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression.
Results: C. andromeda Venom inhibited the growth of NB4 cells as correlated with concentration and time. Cell growth was inhibited by 49.1%, after 24 hours of treating NB4 cells with 1000µg/mL C. andromeda Venom. This venom increased the apoptotic process, which was then verified by 7AAD/AnnexinV staining. The fold change of p15INK4b, p21 WAF1/CIP1, P53, DNMT1, and Bcl-2 genes in the NB4 cell line were 144, 2.78, 1.75, 15.24, and 0.33, respectively, which meant that the expression level of p15INK4b, p21 WAF1/CIP1, P53, and DNMT1 were increased by 14400%, 278%, 175%, and 1524%, respectively and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased by 67%.
Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory property of C. andromeda Venom, the authors recommended it as a part of combinational medication for treating APL in animal trials and for other leukemias’ in vitro studies.
