fa قلب Heart پژوهشي Research <div><strong>Background</strong>: Childhood cancer (ChC) is very rare and occurs between birth and 14 years of age. There are several reports about ChC incidence from various regions of Iran, but with conflicting results.&nbsp; The present study aimed to do a systematic review to estimate the accurate incidence rate of ChC among Iranian people.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This systematic review was performed based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist in 2018. A literature search was conducted using international databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, ISI/Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar) for English papers, and national databases (Scientific Information Database, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc) for Persian papers which estimated the incidence rate of ChC in any geographical location in&nbsp; Iran. The incidence rate of ChC was calculated using random-effect model.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Out of 157 papers in the primary searches, 12 studies were included by advanced screening and refinement. The crude incidence rate (CIR) of ChC in 0-14 years was 16.8 per 100,000 (95% CI: 9.04-24.56) for boys and 16.56 per 100,000 (95% CI: 10.51-22.62) for girls.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The incidence of ChC in Iran is higher compared to other parts of the world. Considering this issue, holding some interventional programs on tackling potential risk factors, including air pollution, in different regions of Iran is suggested.<br> &nbsp;</div> Childhood cancer, Incidence, Iran 193 206 http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-116-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Soheil Hassanipour No GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Mohammad Fathalipour No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Hamed Delam No . Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran. Mohammad Ghorbani No Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran. Elham Abdzadeh No Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Morteza Arab-Zozani No Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Shirin Riahi No Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Hamid Salehiniya alesaleh70@yahoo.com : 0000-0001-7642-5214 Yes . Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran