Iranian journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology

en A Study of Pulmonary Infectious and Non-Infectious Complications in a Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Center in Iran عمومى General پژوهشي Research <div style="border: 1.5pt double windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt; text-align: justify;">Background: Pulmonary complications are important enough to notice in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The patients undergoing HSCT might have infectious and non-infectious problems associated with morbidity and mortality. The pulmonary complications of HSCT are well-recognized in adults; however, studies on children are limited, especially in Iran. This study was done to evaluate the infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications and the corresponding factors in children who underwent HSCT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included the patients who underwent HSCT in Mofid Children’s Hospital in Tehran, Iran, during the years 2015 -2021. Overall, 144 medical files were evaluated, out of which 128 had undergone HSCT. The extracted data were about underlying diseases, age at transplant, sex,  type of HSCT, donor type, cell source, conditioning regimen, graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications, and associated factors. The data analysis was done by the SPSS software version 26. Chi-square, Fisher exact test and regression were also used for the analysis. Results: Infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications were reported in 26 people (20.3%) and 11 people (8.6%), respectively. Positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) PCR was detected only in two patients. Infectious complications were significantly lower in patients with neuroblastoma compared to other underlying diseases (2.7% vs. 27.5%, P = 0.002). These complications were significantly more frequent among those with other HSCT complications compared to those without such complications (34.6% vs. 16.7%, P=0.042). Non-infectious pulmonary complications were significantly higher in boys (13.5%) than in girls (1.9%) (P = 0.024). Conclusion: Due to the high rate of pulmonary infections in bone marrow transplant patients, clear differential diagnosis and diagnostic work are essential.</div> Children, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), Post-transplant complications , Pulmonary complication 252 265 http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1107-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaei karami.9926@gmail.com 0009-0005-7453-8000 No Assistant professor of Pediatric Polmonology, School of Medicine, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Assistant professor of Pediatric Polmonology, School of Medicine, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa Ghadrdan mm.ghadrdan88@gmail.com 0009-0004-9103-3779 Yes Pulmonologist, School of Medicine, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pulmonologist, School of Medicine, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bibi Shahin Shmasian shamsian@gmail.com 0009-0003-2091-626X No Professor of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Professor of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran