en ژنتیک Genetics مروری Review <div style="border: 1.5pt double windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">The Pediatric Buccal Epigenetic (PedBE) and Neonatal Epigenetic Estimator of Age (NEOage) clocks provide a novel method for assessing the biological age of young individuals, enhancing our comprehension of their health and development. By analyzing DNA methylation patterns, these clocks identify risk factors for various health conditions and guide personalized interventions to promote optimal growth in children and infants. With ongoing research and validation, PedBE and NEOage could revolutionize pediatric and neonatal healthcare by facilitating early detection of age-related changes and targeted interventions to improve long-term outcomes. In pediatric oncology, PedBE is particularly promising for evaluating biological age in children with cancer, as it accurately estimates DNA methylation age in buccal cells, revealing the effects of cancer and its treatments on biological aging. Additionally, PedBE can detect DNA methylation changes associated with environmental exposures and childhood adversities, making it a valuable tool for studying the impact of cancer on the epigenetic age of pediatric patients. The NEOage clock, designed to predict gestational age in newborns, complements the PedBE clock, offering a comprehensive assessment of biological age from infancy to adolescence, which is vital for understanding pediatric oncology&rsquo;s influence on aging. This paper examines the complexities of both clocks, highlighting their potential for accurately determining the age of children and infants through DNA methylation analysis.</span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> Biological Variation, DNA Methylation, Gestational Age, Oncology, Pediatric 491 506 http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1124-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amirhossein Omidi 0009-0006-3073-914X Yes Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Maryam Sadat Yazdanparast yazdanparastmaryam89@yahoo.com 0000-0001-6220-3039 No Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyedeh Elham Shams 0009-0004-8274-013X No Department of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Reza Bahrami r.bahrami.neo@gmail.com 0000-0002-8554-4562 No Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Golshan-Tafti ahmad.golshan.tafti@gmail.com 0000-0003-0323-7436 No Department of Pediatrics, Islamic Azad University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran Department of Pediatrics, Islamic Azad University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran Seyed Alireza Dastgheib dastgheibsa@gmail.com 0000-0003-4781-301X No Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Maryam Yeganegi maryamyeganegi@gmail.com 0009-0007-1625-6384 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran Mahsa Danaie 0000-0002-9948-8290 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Masoudi alimasoudi73@gmail.com 0009-0001-0779-4769 No Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Amirmasoud Shiri shiriam.med@gmail.com 0009-0003-9057-9756 No Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Maryam Aghasipour aghasimm@mail.uc.edu 0009-0003-8774-3172 No Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Kazem Aghili kaz.aghili@gmail.com 0009-0007-3226-5571 No Department of Radiology, Shahid Rahnamoun Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Department of Radiology, Shahid Rahnamoun Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahmood Noorishadkam mnoorishadkam@gmail.com 0000-0003-0209-6205 No Department of Radiology, Shahid Rahnamoun Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Department of Radiology, Shahid Rahnamoun Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Hossein Neamatzadeh neamatzadehh@gmail.com 0000-0003-1031-9288 No Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran