en عمومى General مروری Review <div style="border: 1.5pt double windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Cancer continues to pose a substantial global health burden and remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Encouragingly, survival rates have consistently improved, largely due to advancements in diagnosis and treatment. The development of anticancer drugs, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal agents, and targeted therapies, has significantly enhanced the efficacy of cancer treatments.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Chemotherapy-induced ocular toxicity encompasses a wide range of disorders, influenced by the eye&#39;s unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. The mechanisms of these drugs can lead to systemic and ocular side effects, including cytotoxicity, inflammation, and neurotoxicity. While ocular side effects from targeted therapies are less common, they can be severe, disabling, and potentially irreversible. In some cases, immediate discontinuation of the drug may be necessary to prevent vision-threatening complications.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Understanding these ocular side effects is crucial for early recognition and intervention by ophthalmologists and oncologists to prevent blindness. Additionally, anticipating treatment-related toxicities enables pharmacists to develop strategies that minimize or mitigate these side effects.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">This review focuses on the ocular toxicity associated with the most significant anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.</span></span></span></span></div> Chemotherapy, Cyclophosphamide, Ocular, Tamoxifen, Toxicity 300 309 http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-614-9&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi Mojttbbasohrevardi@yahoo.com 0000-0002-0993-3339 No Department of Pharmacotherapy, Facullty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Department of Pharmacotherapy, Facullty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Morteza Zangeneh Morttzzazangeneh@gmail.com 0000-0001-7117-564x No Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hamid Owliaey Owliaeyhamid2023@gmail.com 0000-0001-5642-9584 Yes Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Elnaz Sheikhpour r.sheikhpour@yahoo.com 0000-0003-3170-2841 No Hematology and Oncology Research center, Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Hematology and Oncology Research center, Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran