en هماتولوژی Hematology پژوهشي Research <div style="border: 1.5pt double windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt 1pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:normal">Aplastic anemia (AA) is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow and can be either acquired or constitutional. Acquired AA results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells, often triggered by toxic agents inducing neo or cryptic antigens that activate immune responses. Although rare, acquired AA remains a serious condition typically managed with immunosuppressive therapy and supportive care. Constitutional forms, such as Fanconi anemia (FA) and Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC), are also uncommon and associated with genetic defects in DNA repair or telomere maintenance. Accurate differentiation between acquired and constitutional AA is critical for effective management.</span><br> <span style="line-height:normal">In our center, 15 patients were diagnosed with AA between 2016 and 2021 (acquired = 5, constitutional = 10). Patients with acquired AA received immunosuppressive therapy. Those with constitutional AA and HLA-matched donors underwent bone marrow transplantation following a conditioning regimen of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and rabbit ATG. Cyclosporine was initiated two days prior to transplantation and continued for 6&ndash;12 months or longer. Despite the high mortality risk associated with untreated AA, all patients achieved favorable outcomes with no mortality, underscoring the critical role of early diagnosis and individualized treatment in improving survival in AA.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="background:yellow"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> Aplastic Anemia, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Bone Marrow Failure Disorders, Dyskeratosis Congenital, Fanconi Anemia 582 587 http://ijpho.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-134-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hassan Mahmoodi-Nesheli Hassan Mahmoodi-Nesheli mahmoodi86@yahoo.com 0000-0002-5851-7323 Yes Associate Professor, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran Associate Professor, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran Ahmad Tamaddoni Ahmad Tamaddoni drtamaddoni@yahoo.com 0000-0002-3684-8754 No Professor, Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Professor, Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Somayeh Shirkosh Somayeh Shirkosh shirkosh.s@hotmail.ph 0000-0003-1525-7936 No PhD Candidate in Nursing, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran PhD Candidate in Nursing, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran Mohtaram Hashemikarooyee Mohtaram Hashemikarooyee seyedhashemikarooyee@gmail.com 0009-0005-3202-6832 No BSc of Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran BSc of Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Khadije Jafarzadeh Khadije Jafarzadeh jafarzadehkhadije@gmail.com 0009-0000-2664-9850 No BSc of Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran BSc of Nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran