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Abstract Rituximab, an anti-CD20 agent, has been suggested as an effective strategy to deal with post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). In the current study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab therapy in heart transplant population developing PTLD. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed to gather the available data on lymphoproliferative disorders occurring in heart transplant patients. Finally, data of 125 patients from 26 previously published studies were included into the study. Patients who underwent rituximab therapy had significantly worse tumoral histopathology features (P-value=0.003). Survival analyses showed no significant difference regarding receiving rituximab therapy for heart recipients however, when the analysis was repeated only including data of pediatric patients, significant beneficial effects for pediatric were found for rituximab therapy. In fact, no children undergoing rituximab therapy died during the follow up. In conclusion, this study showed that rituximab therapy in pediatric heart transplant recipients with PTLD represents surprisingly excellent results, making rituximab an indispensable agent in the management of the disease. To define feasibility of rituximab therapy in adult recipients of heart graft with PTLD, randomized controlled trials are needed.

Keywords: Pediatrics; Heart Transplantation; rituximab

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