Abstract Background Bone mineral density (BMD) may have occurred following treatment of Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). 25-hydroxyvitamin D has been insufficiency described in these patients. In this Randomized Control Trial (RCT), we assessed the effectiveness of oral vitamin D administration after one year of treatment to protect bone density. Materials and Methods Twenty-four survivors of ALL patients (17 males and 7 females), who had completed their treatment with oral vitamin D supplement, at least 1 yr previously, and Twenty-five (20 males and 5 females) control group were examined with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the total body and L2–L4 vertebrae and neck of femur. Result Average of BMD (g/cm2) was significantly increased in oral vitamin D supplemented children (p=0.038) but average of Z-score decreased (p=0.006). Osteoporosis in this group was 4.2% and in control group, 40.9%. Conclusion Oral vitamin D supplementation to ALL children during 1 year did not show impact on Z-score and BMD (g/cm2). On the other hand, osteoporosis decreased in this group.

Keywords: Leukemia, Vitamin D, Bone Density

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