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Background Neuroblastoma is the third most common malignancy in children with a very heterogeneous feature. In this study, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with neuroblastoma treated in a referral oncology hospital in Shiraz, Southern Iran, were investigated. Material and method In this historical cohort study, the medical files of 36 children under 18 years old with neuroblastoma were reviewed, who were admitted to Amir Oncology Hospital in Shiraz, Iran from 2006 to 2013. Overall survival and event free survival (EFS) curves were demonstrated by Kaplan Meier methods. Also the effects of demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients on survival were evaluated by Cox regression model. Results The median age of diagnosis was 30 months (age range: from 4 to144 months), with M/F ratio of 63.9%. Over 70% of the patients had stage 4 of neuroblastoma at their initial presentations. Adrenal gland comprised 72.2% of the primary tumor site. The most common presenting symptoms were gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms. The mean overall survival and EFS were 30.75 and 20.56 months, respectively. Among the different variables analyzed, only liver metastasis had an adverse effect on EFS (p=0.025 Hazard ratios 2.83, CI: 1.14-7.02). Conclusion This study revealed that the majority of children suffering from neuroblastoma in our center are high stage with disseminated disease at the time of detection. It also warns us about an urgent necessity for holding a re-educational program for general practitioners and pediatricians to review the warning signs of common pediatric cancers such as neuroblastoma.

Keywords: Neuroblastoma, Epidemiology, Survival

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