Abstract
Background
Data on childhood and adolescent malignant tumors incidence are skimp in developing countries. In this study, we analyzed the incidence and trend of childhood and adolescent cancers in Yazd city, center of Iran between Jan 2004 and Dec 2013.
Materials and Methods
The various types of malignant tumors were grouped pursuant to the International Classification for Cancer in Children. To
analyze the data, descriptive and illative statistical methods were used.
Results
Two hundred twenty-two patients with a malignancy aged less than 18 years were studied with a male to female ratio of
1.36.The mean age of patients was 9.88 (±5.7) years. Leukemia with the frequency of 84 (37.8%) and after that lymphoid
malignancies with the frequency of 49 (22.1%) were the most common cancers. There was a low range of oscillation in the
incidence rate of malignancies during this period of time (P value= 0.081). Malignancies were mostly in males (P value=0.057) but the whole process of  malignancy incidence had gone toward the  higher rate of incidence in females. Incidence rate of cancers types was steady. Malignancy incidence was 3-7 cases in hundred of thousands except a year of which this incidence rate was estimated 13.4.
Conclusion
Leukemias and lymphomas were the main cancers in the center of Iran. Childhood and adolescent malignancies may be
considerably under-recorded in our province .A childhood and adolescent cancer registry is necessary for exact analysis of these types of malignancies.